Quick read
Key points
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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a long-term condition in which the kidneys gradually lose some of their function over time, most commonly caused by diabetes, high blood pressure, or simply the ageing process. It often causes no symptoms in the early stages, which is why it's frequently detected through routine blood or urine tests.
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Topic-specific prevention and risk reduction will be added during the article-specific evidence audit.
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You've been told you have reduced kidney function through blood or urine tests
01 · Know
What is Chronic Kidney Disease?
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a long-term condition in which the kidneys gradually lose some of their function over time, most commonly caused by diabetes, high blood pressure, or simply the ageing process. It often causes no symptoms in the early stages, which is why it's frequently detected through routine blood or urine tests.
CKD is usually managed by controlling the underlying cause and protecting remaining kidney function through medication and lifestyle measures. Most people with early to moderate CKD do not progress to kidney failure, especially with good management of blood pressure and blood sugar.
02 · Understand
Clinical context
Blood pressure control is central to protecting kidney function
Keeping blood pressure well controlled is one of the most effective ways to slow the progression of chronic kidney disease, since high blood pressure both causes and worsens kidney damage.
03 · Act
When to Seek Care
- 1You've been told you have reduced kidney function through blood or urine tests
- 2You have diabetes or high blood pressure and haven't had your kidney function checked recently
- 3You notice swelling in your legs, persistent tiredness, or changes in how much you urinate
- 4You have questions about medication or dietary changes for CKD
04 · Prevent & manage
Practical steps
Some Common Medications Need Caution with Reduced Kidney Function
Certain over-the-counter medications, particularly some pain relievers like ibuprofen, can put extra strain on the kidneys — check with a pharmacist or doctor if you have CKD before taking new medications regularly.
- 1Manage blood pressure and blood sugar carefully.This is one of the most effective ways to protect remaining kidney function.
- 2Attend regular kidney function monitoring.Routine blood and urine tests track how your kidney function is changing over time.
- 3Take medications as prescribed.Some medications specifically protect kidney function, while others need dose adjustment or avoidance.
- 4Follow any dietary advice from your care team.Depending on the stage of CKD, adjustments to salt, protein, or potassium intake may be recommended.
- 5Stay well hydrated, unless advised otherwise.Your care team can advise on appropriate fluid intake for your specific situation.
Medical information notice
Health education, not individual medical advice
BarnMD Health Library provides general health education for public health literacy. Reading this article does not establish a doctor-patient relationship and this information is not a diagnosis, prescription, or personalised treatment plan. If you have symptoms or concerns about your health, seek appropriate advice from a qualified healthcare professional. If you develop emergency warning signs, seek urgent or emergency medical attention.
BarnMD Bottom Line
Chronic kidney disease is common, and with good management of blood pressure and underlying causes, most people maintain stable kidney function for many years.
Regular monitoring and blood pressure control are the most important tools for protecting kidney function long-term.