Quick read
Key points
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Allergic rhinitis is inflammation of the inside of the nose caused by an allergic reaction, most commonly to pollen (hay fever), dust mites, pet dander, or mould. It causes sneezing, an itchy or runny nose, congestion, and often itchy or watery eyes, and can be seasonal or occur year-round depending on the trigger.
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Topic-specific prevention and risk reduction will be added during the article-specific evidence audit.
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Over-the-counter treatments aren't controlling your symptoms
01 · Know
What is Allergic Rhinitis?
Allergic rhinitis is inflammation of the inside of the nose caused by an allergic reaction, most commonly to pollen (hay fever), dust mites, pet dander, or mould. It causes sneezing, an itchy or runny nose, congestion, and often itchy or watery eyes, and can be seasonal or occur year-round depending on the trigger.
While not dangerous, it can significantly affect quality of life and sleep. It's usually well managed with a combination of avoiding triggers where possible and appropriate medication.
02 · Understand
Clinical context
Starting treatment before symptoms peak works better
For seasonal allergic rhinitis, starting antihistamines or nasal sprays a week or two before your usual symptom season begins tends to control symptoms more effectively than waiting until they're already severe.
03 · Act
When to See a Doctor
- 1Over-the-counter treatments aren't controlling your symptoms
- 2Symptoms are significantly affecting your sleep or daily life
- 3You're unsure what's triggering your symptoms and would like allergy testing
- 4You develop symptoms of a sinus infection, such as facial pain or thick discharge
04 · Prevent & manage
Practical steps
Combining Treatments Often Works Better Than One Alone
A combination of an antihistamine and a nasal corticosteroid spray, used correctly, often controls symptoms better than either used alone — a pharmacist can advise on suitable combinations.
- 1Identify and reduce exposure to triggers.Keeping windows closed during high pollen counts, or using allergen-proof bedding for dust mites, can help.
- 2Try an antihistamine.Non-drowsy options are widely available over the counter and can be taken regularly during high-symptom periods.
- 3Use a nasal corticosteroid spray.These are very effective for congestion and work best when used consistently, not just when symptoms flare.
- 4Rinse your nose with saline.A saline nasal rinse can help clear allergens and mucus from the nasal passages.
- 5Shower and change clothes after being outdoors.This removes pollen that can otherwise continue triggering symptoms indoors.
Medical information notice
Health education, not individual medical advice
BarnMD Health Library provides general health education for public health literacy. Reading this article does not establish a doctor-patient relationship and this information is not a diagnosis, prescription, or personalised treatment plan. If you have symptoms or concerns about your health, seek appropriate advice from a qualified healthcare professional. If you develop emergency warning signs, seek urgent or emergency medical attention.
BarnMD Bottom Line
Allergic rhinitis is common and very manageable with the right combination of trigger avoidance and medication.
Starting treatment before your usual symptom season begins tends to give better control than waiting until symptoms are already severe.